![]() Further erosion and weathering of the sea stack leads to the formation of a sea stump. This collapsing results in a column of rock separate from the mainland, this is known as a stack. Ultimately, this erosion can lead to the arch collapsing. Due to the dynamic nature of coastal systems, the base of the arch is still subjected to erosion, which weakens the arch. A good example of an arch is Durdle Door, Dorset. Continued erosion can lead to widening and deepening of the cave, and eventually the cave can breach the other side of the headland, forming an arch. If these faults widen sufficiently, a cave can form. Erosion, caused by hydraulic action, corrasion, solution and attrition cause these faults to widen. Sea cliffs often contain faults or joints, which are weak points in the cliff and are thus more prone to erosion. Other typical landforms of coastal erosion are arches, stacks and stumps. Similarly, erosion is caused by hydraulic action, as the high energy waves impact on the coastline directly, loosening the interior of joints and bedding planes of the rocks causing the coastline to disintegrate. In this example, wave energy causes erosion via corrasion, as waves have the energy to carry pebbles with force. A good example of a headland and bay system is Swanage Bay, Dorset (insert diagram). The softer rock is more susceptible to erosion and therefore erodes more rapidly, forming the bay, whilst the harder rock is resistant to erosion and therefore extends further into the sea. Headlands and bays often form along discordant coastlines, where the geology alternates between bands of hard and soft rock. There are a number of different mechanisms which cause erosion, including corrasion, hydraulic action, solution and attrition. One landform typical of coastal erosion are headlands and bays. Coastal erosional landforms are commonly found in high energy environments, where large waves, strong winds and tidal currents drive erosion.
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